Below, you’ll find must-know information about chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a form of blood cancer that affects the white blood cells in the bone marrow, which is the spongy tissue within the bones where blood cells are generated.
In CML, an overproduction of abnormal and immature white blood cells known as myeloid cells happen, which do not function correctly and accumulate in the bloodstream and bone marrow.
CML generally advances gradually, and many individuals with the condition may not experience symptoms for an extended period. However, if left untreated, CML can eventually lead to severe complications such as anemia, bleeding, infections, and an enlarged spleen.
The exact cause of CML is still unknown, but most cases are associated with a genetic mutation known as the Philadelphia chromosome.
The Philadelphia chromosome arises when fragments of chromosomes 9 and 22 swap places, resulting in the formation of the BCR-ABL gene. This gene produces a protein that promotes the uncontrolled growth and division of white blood cells, leading to the development of CML.
Exposure to high levels of radiation, certain chemicals, and a family history of CML are possible risk factors for developing the disease. However, most cases of CML occur without any known risk factors.
Ongoing research aims to uncover additional genetic and environmental factors that may contribute to the development of CML.
Treatment for CML usually involves targeted therapy with drugs that inhibit the BCR-ABL protein, such as imatinib, dasatinib, and nilotinib. In some cases, a bone marrow transplant may be recommended. With appropriate treatment, many people with CML are able to manage their disease and live normal, healthy lives.
Knowing the various symptoms of CML can help with the early detection of the disease. Below are various CML symptoms worth knowing.
7. Fatigue
Fatigue is an excessive feeling of tiredness or weakness that is prevalent in individuals diagnosed with CML.
The disease’s abnormal cells can decrease the amount of healthy red blood cells produced in the body, which may lead to anemia.
Anemia can make it more challenging for the body to receive the required amount of oxygen, which can cause fatigue in CML patients.
6. Abdominal Discomfort
Individuals with CML may experience discomfort or pain in the abdomen, particularly on the upper left side. An enlarged spleen, which is a common occurrence in individuals with CML, can be the cause of this.
CML causes abnormal white blood cell production, which can accumulate in the spleen, causing it to expand. This expansion can cause abdominal discomfort and pain.
5. Unexplained Weight Loss
Unintentional weight loss can be an indicator of CML, particularly in its initial stages.
CML can cause a loss of appetite or an impression of fullness even after consuming a small amount of food. Weight loss can also be due to the body’s increased energy usage in fighting the disease.
4. Night Sweats
Numerous individuals with CML may encounter night sweats, which are instances of profuse sweating during sleep. Night sweats can disturb sleep and cause more fatigue.
While the exact cause of night sweats in CML is not comprehensively understood, it could be related to the body’s reaction to the disease.
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